A Guide for Recognizing Symptoms in Seniors and When to Seek Medical Advice
Parkinson’s disease is a progressive neurological disorder that primarily affects movement, but it can also impact cognitive and emotional functioning as it progresses.
Often, the symptoms begin subtly, making it difficult for caregivers and loved ones to identify the condition early on.
Recognizing the early signs of Parkinson’s disease in seniors is a crucial but sensitive topic, especially as many older adults are resistant to hearing that they may need additional help – especially in a circumstance that could add a lot of fear and anxiety for their future.
However, recognizing these signs are critical for seeking timely medical advice and beginning treatments that can improve the quality of life.
What is Parkinson’s Disease?
Parkinson’s disease is a chronic, progressive disorder of the central nervous system that affects movement. It develops when the brain’s nerve cells, or neurons, that produce dopamine—a chemical responsible for smooth, coordinated muscle movements—start to degenerate.
The loss of dopamine leads to motor symptoms, such as tremors and rigidity, that are hallmarks of the disease.
Parkinson’s affects approximately 1 million people in the United States, with the majority of cases developing in individuals over the age of 60. While it is more common in older adults, Parkinson’s is not a normal part of aging.
Early detection and treatment can play a significant role in managing symptoms and improving a person’s quality of life.
Early Motor Symptoms to Look For
Motor symptoms, or issues related to movement, are often the first indications that something may be amiss. These signs can be subtle, and they may be mistaken for normal aging. However, certain symptoms stand out and should raise concern:
Tremors: One of the most recognizable early signs of Parkinson’s is a tremor, or shaking, that typically begins in the hands or fingers. These tremors are often described as "pill-rolling" tremors because it looks as though the individual is rolling a small object between their thumb and forefinger. The tremor may occur when the individual is at rest, and it tends to stop when they are using their hands for a task.
Bradykinesia (Slowness of Movement): Bradykinesia refers to a noticeable slowing down of movement, making simple tasks take longer than they used to. A senior with bradykinesia may have difficulty getting out of a chair, walking, or performing daily tasks such as buttoning a shirt. This symptom is often one of the most frustrating for both the individual and their caregivers.
Rigidity (Muscle Stiffness): Muscle stiffness or rigidity is another early sign of Parkinson’s. It may cause discomfort and limit the range of motion. Often, stiffness is most noticeable in the arms, legs, or neck. If you notice that your loved one seems stiff or has difficulty moving certain body parts, this could be an early sign of the disease.
Postural Instability: Balance problems or difficulty maintaining an upright posture may be early indicators of Parkinson’s disease. Seniors may start to appear hunched or have trouble standing up straight. Additionally, they might experience frequent falls, which can be dangerous for older adults.
Non-Motor Symptoms: The Silent Signals
Parkinson’s is not solely a movement disorder. Non-motor symptoms can appear before or alongside motor issues, making them just as crucial in identifying the disease early on.
Sleep Disturbances: Seniors with Parkinson’s often experience sleep problems, such as insomnia, restless leg syndrome, or vivid dreams. They may thrash around or act out dreams while sleeping, which can be unsettling for caregivers to observe.
Loss of Smell: A diminished sense of smell, or anosmia, is one of the earliest signs of Parkinson’s. This may occur years before other symptoms appear. If your loved one can no longer detect familiar scents like food or flowers, it might be worth discussing with a healthcare provider.
Changes in Speech: Changes in the tone or speed of speech can be an early sign of Parkinson’s. Seniors may speak softly, slur words, or take longer to complete sentences. A monotone voice is another indicator that something could be affecting their motor control.
Constipation: Constipation and other digestive issues are common in the early stages of Parkinson’s. This symptom may not seem directly related to a neurological disorder, but it is one of the early non-motor signs that healthcare professionals watch for.
Mood Changes: Depression, anxiety, or apathy are frequently reported in the early stages of Parkinson’s. Emotional changes can be difficult to detect in seniors, especially if they are already dealing with other health issues. However, a noticeable shift in mood or personality could be a signal that Parkinson’s is developing.
Early detection of both motor and non-motor symptoms is crucial in ensuring that seniors receive the care and treatment they need.